HOW RELIABLE ARE NIGERIAN PUBLISHED STATISTICAL DATA FOR DEVELOPMENT PLANNING? EVIDENCE FROM AN INDIRECT APPROACH

ABSTRACT The Johannesburg Declaratio

L’adénome métanéphrique bilatéral du rein

L’adénome métanéphrique du rein est une tumeur épithéliale bénigne rare. Son diagnostic est exclusivement histologique. Le diagnostic différentiel se fait essentiellement avec le néphroblastome et le carcinome papillaire à cellules rénales. L’étude cytogénétique apporte des éléments importants pour différencier entre ces trois entités histologiques. L’adénome métanéphrique bilatéral est exceptionnel (pour autant que nous sachions un seul cas a été rapporté dans la littérature) et pose un problème de diagnostic différentiel avec le cancer rénal bilatéral. Nous rapportons une nouvelle observation de cette affection rare chez un patient âgé de 64 ans

Pseudotumoral Malacoplakia of the Bladder

Malacoplakia is a rare inflammatory condition most often affecting the genitourinary system. We report the case of a 24-year-old man who presented with gross hematuria, nocturia, frequency, dysuria and considerable weight loss during the preceding three months. Digital rectal examinationshowed a solid pelvic mass. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed calyceal dilatation on the right side and a solid bladder mass 10 cm in diameter suspicious of bladder cancer. Transurethral resection of the tumor was incomplete, due to the large volume of the bladder mass. Histological examination of the resected specimen revealed malacoplakia of the bladder. The patient was treated with fluoroquinolone and vitamin C. Follow-up at 3 months showed marked regression of the bladder mass and complete resolution of the calyceal dilatation

Métastases péniennes après cystoprostatectomie pour carcinome urothélial de la vessie

L’apparition de métastases péniennes dans l’évolution du carcinome urothélial est un événement rare (1 à 8%). Elles surviennent le plus souvent (65%) dans les 18 mois suivant le diagnostic de la lésion primaire et leur pronostic est sombre avec une survie dépassant exceptionnellement 20 mois. Le traitement des métastases caverneuses est multidisciplinaire. Les meilleurs résultats en termes de survie globale ont été obtenus avec l’association amputation de la verge associée à une chimiothérapie. Les auteurs rapportent un cas de métastases développées aux dépens des corps caverneux de la verge après cystoprostatectomie pour carcinome urothélial de la vessie et discutent les problèmes diagnostics, thérapeutiques et pronostiques que pose cette localisation secondaireMots clés : Carcinome urothélial, métastases, corps caverneux, traitement, pronosti

Adénome de prostate révélé par des hypoglycémies profondes: A propos d'un cas

RésuméIntroductionEnviron 90% des patients diabétiques présentent un diabète de type 2. L'hypoglycémie constitue le principal effet indésirable des antidiabétiques oraux. Elle est d'autant plus grave qu'elle s'accompagne d'une insuffisance rénale.Cas cliniqueNous rapportons le cas d'un homme âgé de 85ans suivi pour un diabète de type 2 et une hypertension artérielle. Il a été admis via les urgences dans un tableau de trouble de conscience associé à une fièvre. Le bilan réalisé a objectivé une hypoglycémie profonde, une insuffisance rénale obstructive et un taux de PSA élevé (antigène spécifique de la prostate). Les antidiabétiques oraux ont été arrêtés et un sondage vésical a été effectué avec comme résultats une correction des hypoglycémies et de la fonction rénale. Le patient a eu une résection trans-urétrale de la prostate (RTUP) et l'examen anatomopathologique était en faveur d'un adéno-myo-fibrome. Les troubles neurologiques en rapport avec l'hypoglycémie étaient sous forme d'agitations, délire, trouble des fonctions supérieures et troubles du sommeil. Cependant notre patient n'a pas présenté de déficit neurologique. L’évolution clinique était favorable.ConclusionL'insuffisance rénale obstructive peut constituer une complication de l'adénome de la prostate à un stade ultime. Elle est responsable d'accumulation dans le sang de médicaments y compris les antidiabétiques oraux. L'hypoglycémie qui en résulte est délétère pour la qualité de vie du patient et peut être responsable d'accidents neurologiques.AbstractIntroductionApproximately 90% of patients with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia is the main side effect of oral antidiabetics, and it can be more serious when it is accompanied by renal failure.Clinical caseWe report the case of a man aged 85 years followed for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. He was admitted via the emergency with a disturbed level of consciousness associated with fever. The medical evaluation revealed profound hypoglycemia, obstructive renal failure and an elevated PSA (prostate specific antigen). Oral hypoglycemic agents were discontinued and catheterization was performed resulting in correction of hypoglycemia and renal function. The patient underwent a transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and pathologic examination was in favor of benign hyperplasia. Neurological disorders related to hypoglycemia were agitation, delirium, impaired higher functions and sleep disorders. However our patient did not present any neurological deficit. The clinical course was favorable.ConclusionThe obstructive renal failure can be a complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a final stage. It is responsible for accumulation in the blood of drugs including oral anti-diabetic agents. The resulting hypoglycemia is deleterious to the quality of life of the patient and may be responsible for neurological disorders

La chirurgie conservatrice dans le cancer du rein

Le cancer du rein représente 3% des cancers. Il est classé au troisième rang des cancers urologiques après celui de la prostate et de la vessie. Depuis la néphrectomie totale élargie de Robson en 1963, on assiste à un changement continu de la prise en charge de ce cancer. En 1990, on a mis en question le curage ganglionnaire systématique. En 1993, on a mis en question la surrénalectomie systématique. En 1995, on a commencé à proposer la chirurgie conservatrice pour les tumeurs dont le diamètre est inférieur à 4 cm. A partir de 2004, on l’a proposée pour les tumeurs < 7 cm. En fonction de la taille et de la localisation tumorale, on peut réaliser une néphrectomie partielle polaire, une résection cunéiforme, une énucléation, une chirurgie ex situ ou zéro ischémie. L’ischémie froide permet une meilleure conservation de la fonction rénale, ainsi que le clampage parenchymateux par rapport au clampage pédiculaire. La chirurgie conservatrice du cancer du rein est en nette progression certes, mais elle n’a pas encore la place qu’elle mérite. Ceci peut être lié à une méconnaissance des indications, ou crainte des morbidités. La limite arbitraire de 7 cm mérite d’être discutée. L’évolution naturelle se fait vers la chirurgie conservatrice quelque soit la taille de la tumeur et quelque soit le rein controlatéral, à condition qu’elle soit techniquement réalisable.Mots Cles: Cancer rénal; chirurgie conservatrice; clampage; ischémie froide

Climate Change and Maize Production: Empirical Evidence from Kaduna State, Nigeria

An estimated 80% of the maize crop suffers periodic yield reduction due to drought stress. Drought at flowering and grain filling period may cause losses of 40-90%. Predicated on the argument that climate change resulted from changes in climatic elements such as rainfall, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between rainfall, among other factors, and maize crop production in Kaduna state over a period of 15 years. Time series data on aggregate maize production, fertilizer use, total area under cultivation with the maize crop and annual rainfall in Kaduna State for the period 1990-2005 were collected and analysed using multiple regression technique. Findings of the study showed that annual rainfall contributes significantly and positively to maize production in the study area inspite of climate change, indicating that climate change has not significantly altered the pattern of rainfall in the study area in such a way as to affect maize production negatively

Climate Change and Maize Production: Empirical Evidence from Kaduna State, Nigeria

An estimated 80% of the maize crop suffers periodic yield reduction due to drought stress. Drought at flowering and grain filling period may cause losses of 40-90%. Predicated on the argument that climate change resulted from changes in climatic elements such as rainfall, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between rainfall, among other factors, and maize crop production in Kaduna state over a period of 15 years. Time series data on aggregate maize production, fertilizer use, total area under cultivation with the maize crop and annual rainfall in Kaduna State for the period 1990-2005 were collected and analysed using multiple regression technique. Findings of the study showed that annual rainfall contributes significantly and positively to maize production in the study area inspite of climate change, indicating that climate change has not significantly altered the pattern of rainfall in the study area in such a way as to affect maize production negatively

Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction.

BACKGROUND: Although coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) improves diagnostic certainty in the assessment of patients with stable chest pain, its effect on 5-year clinical outcomes is unknown. METHODS: In an open-label, multicenter, parallel-group trial, we randomly assigned 4146 patients with stable chest pain who had been referred to a cardiology clinic for evaluation to standard care plus CTA (2073 patients) or to standard care alone (2073 patients). Investigations, treatments, and clinical outcomes were assessed over 3 to 7 years of follow-up. The primary end point was death from coronary heart disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction at 5 years. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 4.8 years, which yielded 20,254 patient-years of follow-up. The 5-year rate of the primary end point was lower in the CTA group than in the standard-care group (2.3% [48 patients] vs. 3.9% [81 patients]; hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.84; P=0.004). Although the rates of invasive coronary angiography and coronary revascularization were higher in the CTA group than in the standard-care group in the first few months of follow-up, overall rates were similar at 5 years: invasive coronary angiography was performed in 491 patients in the CTA group and in 502 patients in the standard-care group (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.13), and coronary revascularization was performed in 279 patients in the CTA group and in 267 in the standard-care group (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.27). However, more preventive therapies were initiated in patients in the CTA group (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.65), as were more antianginal therapies (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.54). There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of cardiovascular or noncardiovascular deaths or deaths from any cause. CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, the use of CTA in addition to standard care in patients with stable chest pain resulted in a significantly lower rate of death from coronary heart disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction at 5 years than standard care alone, without resulting in a significantly higher rate of coronary angiography or coronary revascularization. (Funded by the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office and others; SCOT-HEART ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01149590 .)

Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study

Introduction: The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. Methods: In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025. Findings: Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2–6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5–5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4–10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32–4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23–11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation. Interpretation: After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification